اثر بارش‌های حدی بر میزان فرسایش خاک

Heavy rains with very high intensity have destructive effects on soil erosion, and this phenomenon is caused by increasing the volume and speed of surface flow, decreasing soil permeability, and increasing shear force. In these conditions, the surface water flow at high speed separates the soil particles and carries them to lower places, which leads to the loss of soil fertility. Also, heavy rains can create deep grooves and gullies in the ground, which expand over time and cause more destruction. The effects of this erosion include the reduction of the quality of agricultural lands and the pollution of surface and underground water due to the transfer of sediments. This study examined the effect of extreme rainfall on soil erosion by reviewing 20 internal and external sources. In order to deal with these problems caused by excessive rainfall, it is necessary to adopt preventive measures such as terracing, planting vegetation and proper land use management. These actions can help to preserve the soil, increase the stability of the earth. As a result, the effective and sustainable management of natural resources and the implementation of appropriate methods to control and reduce soil erosion against extreme rains are of great importance. By combining mechanical, biological, and management methods, the risks caused by heavy rains can be significantly reduced and the structure and quality of the soil can be maintained. Paying attention to these points can help preserve ecosystems and promote environmental sustainability and minimize the negative effects of extreme rains.