تغییراقلیم و پیامدهای آن در ایران و کشورهای همسایه

The average precipitation in the country has been decreasing at a rate of approximately 7.0 millimeters per year over the past five decades. Over the last fifty years, based on measurements taken, the land area of Iran has warmed by an average of 2 degrees Celsius, and according to projections, temperature anomalies will range from 2 to 7 degrees Celsius by 2100. Considering the direct effects of temperature on evaporation, approximately 6 millimeters per year are added to the intensity of evaporation and transpiration annually. Based on a 50-year time series of precipitation and temperature during the statistical period (1972-2022) and their ten-year averages for Iran and neighboring countries (Turkey, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Afghanistan, the United Arab Emirates, and Azerbaijan), the highest average annual precipitation is attributed to Turkey, and the lowest precipitation is found in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Also, the highest average annual temperature is attributed to the United Arab Emirates, and the lowest is in Turkey. The temperature trend is increasing in all countries of the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia. In Iran and most of its surrounding countries, the slope of temperature increase is about 0.6 degrees Celsius per decade, which is considered a severe trend compared to the global average. The trend of decreasing precipitation over the past 50 years during the statistical period (1972-2022) in neighboring countries of Iran indicates that the greatest decrease in precipitation has been in Azerbaijan and Afghanistan,